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Authors: Valentino LW, St Jean G, Anderson DE, Desroches A, Kersting K, Lopez MJ, Adams SB, Huhn J, Mueller PO, Cohen ND
Publications: J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;217:376-383
Species: Cattle
Diseases: Bone Diseases
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OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for development of sequestra in cattle and identify factors associated with a successful outcome.
DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 110 cattle. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cattle treated at veterinary teaching hospitals in North America were reviewed. To determine risk factors for osseous sequestration, breed, age, and sex of cattle with osseous sequestration were compared with breed, age, and sex of all other cattle admitted during the study period.
RESULTS: 110 cattle were included in the study. Three had 2 sequestra; thus, 113 lesions were identified. Most sequestra were associated with the bones of the extremities, most commonly the third metacarpal or third metatarsal bone. Ninety-two animals were treated surgically (i.e., sequestrectomy), 7 were treated medically, 3 were initially treated medically and were then treated surgically, and 8 were not treated. Follow-up information was available for 65 animals treated surgically and 6 animals treated medically. Fifty-one (78%) animals treated surgically and 5 animals treated medically had a successful outcome. Cattle that were 6 months to 2 years old had a significantly increased risk of developing a sequestrum, compared with cattle < 6 months old. Cattle in which sequestrectomy was performed with the aid of local anesthesia were significantly more likely to undergo 2 or more surgical procedures than were cattle in which sequestrectomy was performed with the aid of general anesthesia.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that sequestrectomy will result in a successful outcome for most cattle with osseous sequestration. [Note: The initial data on the discharges of all cattle seen between 1987 through 1997 were used as a basis for the study. The authors state that the VMDB data is the foremost resource for determining incidences of diseases in domestic animals.]
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