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Clinical and laboratory characteristics of eight cases of feline nephrolithiasis (FN) that occurred between January 1, 1984, and December 31, 1989, were evaluated retrospectively to identify common findings that may help in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of FN. Computer-generated data also was reviewed from the medical records of all 28 veterinary schools participating in the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1989. Hematuria was the most commonly reported clinical sign. All nephroliths were radiopaque, and five cats had dilated renal pelves. Increased serum creatinine levels and decreased renal concentration ability were present in six. All aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures from urine, renal pelvis, and nephroliths were negative for growth. In the five that had nephrolithotomies, nephroliths were composed of either calcium phosphate nuclei with calcium oxalate shells or 100% calcium phosphate. The VMDB data indicated that the incidence of FN in cats examined at veterinary schools is increasing and a predisposition for FN in the Siamese exists. Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate were the most common calculi associated with FN.
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